• what: technical problem
• why: significance
• gap: limitations of sota
• how: solution. hard, ideally.

History of OSes §

• 1st period
  • libraries
• 1950s
  • batching system
  • magnetic tape, disk
• 1960s and '70s
  • advanced batching os
    • paging (Atlas, 1961)
    • multi-programming
      • virtualize cpu
      • virtualize memory
  • time-sharing os

Principles §

Sources of Complexity:

• emergent properties
• propagation of effects
• trade-offs
• incommensurate scaling

Dealing with complexity:

• modularity
• abstraction
• layering